- women’s movement
- The name given to those women who campaign for more rights for women, in areas such as childcare, pay levels, the workplace and parliamentary representation. The movement is not formally organised with a known national leadership. Much of its activity is conducted through local groups, sometimes highly factionalised. Some is carried out via pressure groups (particularly the trades unions) and political parties.Among campaigning individuals and groups, there are differences over goals and tactics, some women being primarily concerned with a single issue such as abortion rights, childcare or equal pay, others with the denial of fair treatment over a range of social issues. Some adopt a ‘moderate’, reformist approach, working by education and persuasion to achieve helpful legislation such as the Equal Pay (1970) and Sex Discrimination (1975) Acts. Others are ‘radicals’ who note the continuing differences in pay rates and point to a range of present inequalities such as under-representation in high positions in commerce, politics and the judiciary, as well as exploitation – including male violence – in the home. A few are prepared to be more militant, such as the Greenham Common anti-Cruise weapons protesters of the 1980s and 90s.Abortion is a controversial and divisive issue within the women’s movement. Whereas many feminists strongly argue for the ‘woman’s right to choose’, other women – especially Roman Catholics and evangelicals – place great emphasis on the ‘right to life’.See also: feminism, women in political office
Glossary of UK Government and Politics . 2013.